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Leviticus
Chapter Seven
New King James Version (NKJV)
INTRODUCTION TO LEVITICUS 7
The
several things contained in this chapter are the law of the trespass offering, Leviticus 7:1 the
portion the priests had in the burnt offerings and meat offerings, Leviticus 7:8 the
law of the peace offerings, whether by way of thanksgiving, or a vow, or
voluntary oblation, Leviticus 7:11 the
prohibition of fat and blood, Leviticus 7:22 the
parts the priests should have in the peace offerings, the breast and right
shoulder, Leviticus 7:28 and
the chapter is concluded with a recapitulation of the various things contained
in this and the preceding chapters, Leviticus 7:37.
Leviticus 7:1. ‘Likewise
this is the law of the trespass offering (it is most holy):
YLT 1`And this [is] a law of the guilt-offering:
it [is] most holy;
Likewise this is the law of the trespass offering,.... Or the
various rites and rules to be observed at the offering of it: the persons for
whom it was to be made are described in the two preceding chapters, Leviticus 5:1 both
such that sinned through ignorance, and knowingly, and here the place and parts
of the offering, and how to be disposed of, are declared:
it is most holy; wholly devoted for
sacred use, either to the Lord, or to his priests; there were some things the
Jews call light holy things, and others most holy in the highest degree, of
this sort was the trespass offering.
Leviticus 7:2.
2 In the place where they
kill the burnt offering they shall kill the trespass offering. And its blood he
shall sprinkle all around on the altar.
YLT 2in the place where they slaughter the
burnt-offering they do slaughter the guilt-offering, and its blood [one] doth
sprinkle on the altar round about,
In the place where they kill the burnt
offering shall they kill the trespass offering,.... See Leviticus 1:11,
and the blood thereof shall he sprinkle round about upon the altar; on the upper
part of it. There was a scarlet thread that was drawn around the altar in the
middle, the blood of some of the sacrifices was sprinkled below it; and some
above it, as was the blood of the trespass offering.
Leviticus 7:3.
3 And he shall offer from it
all its fat. The fat tail and the fat that covers the entrails,
YLT 3and all its fat he bringeth near out of it,
the fat tail, and the fat which is covering the inwards,
And he shall offer of it all the fat thereof,.... To the
Lord, that being claimed by him, as in the peace offerings of the herd, and of
the flock, whether a bullock or cow, a lamb or a goat, Leviticus 3:3,
&c. and in the sin offering of the bullock, Leviticus 1:8,
and the rump, or tail, which of sheep and rams, for the
trespass offering, was very large and fat in those countries; See Gill on Exodus 29:22, Leviticus 3:9,
and the fat that covereth the inwards; called the
"omentum".
Leviticus 7:4.
4 the two kidneys and the
fat that is on them by the flanks, and the fatty lobe attached to
the liver above the kidneys, he shall remove;
YLT 4and the two kidneys, and the fat which [is]
on them, which [is] on the flanks, and the redundance above the liver (beside
the kidneys he doth turn it aside);
And the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them,.... Which are
usually covered with fat:
which is by the flanks: or rather that which is
"upon" themF25אשר על הכסלים "et qui est
superiliis", Tigurine version. ; for this respects not the situation of
the kidneys, nor the fat upon them, but the fat which is upon the flanks, as
distinct from that, and where there are great collops of it, see Job 15:27,
and the caul that is above the liver; the lobe upon
the liver, according to the Septuagint:
with the kidneys, it shall he take away; all the fat
before mentioned, together with the kidneys, were to be taken away from the ram
of the trespass offering, and burnt, as follows.
Leviticus 7:5.
5 and the priest shall burn
them on the altar as an offering made by fire to the Lord. It is
a trespass offering.
YLT 5and the priest hath made them a perfume on
the altar, a fire-offering to Jehovah; it [is] a guilt-offering.
And the priest shall burn them upon the altar,.... Fat taken
off of the several parts before mentioned, and the kidneys: which were to be
for an offering made by fire
unto the Lord; and was acceptable to him, being typical of the offering of
Christ, which is a sweet smelling savour, bearing the fire of divine wrath in
the room and stead of his people:
it is the trespass offering; an offering
for a trespass committed, to make atonement for it; and this part of it, the
burning of the fat, was properly the offering to the Lord, all the rest were
the priest's, as follows.
Leviticus 7:6.
6 Every male among the
priests may eat it. It shall be eaten in a holy place. It is most holy.
YLT 6`Every male among the priests doth eat it; in
the holy place it is eaten -- it [is] most holy;
Every male among the priests shall eat thereof,.... Of the
flesh of it, after the fat was taken off and burnt, the rest belonged to the
priests and their sons, and to them only, not to their wives and daughters:
it shall be eaten in the holy place; in the court of the
tabernacle, in some apartment in it, for that purpose, as afterwards in the
temple; it was not to be carried home to their houses, for all in the family to
partake of, only the priests and their sons were to eat of it:
it is most holy; and therefore none but
such who were devoted to holy services might eat of it; only sanctified
persons, true believers, who are made priests unto God, have a right to eat of
the altar Christ, or, can eat his flesh in a spiritual sense, and feed upon him
by faith, and receive nourishment from him, Hebrews 13:10.
Leviticus 7:7.
7 The trespass offering is
like the sin offering; there is one law for them both: the priest who
makes atonement with it shall have it.
YLT 7as [is] a sin-offering, so [is] a
guilt-offering; one law [is] for them; the priest who maketh atonement by it --
it is his.
As the sin offering is, so is the trespass offering,
there is one law for them,.... The same as in Leviticus 6:27,
the priest that maketh atonement therewith shall have it; who by
offering it made atonement for the trespass of the person that brings it, as
typical of the atonement by the sacrifice of Christ; he was to have all but
what was burnt, for himself and his sons; though no doubt but other priests
then on duty in the court ate with him.
Leviticus 7:8.
8 And the priest who offers
anyone’s burnt offering, that priest shall have for himself the skin of the
burnt offering which he has offered.
YLT 8`And the priest who is bringing near any
man's burnt-offering, the skin of the burnt-offering which he hath brought
near, it is the priest's, his own;
And the priest that offereth any man's burnt offering,.... In which
the flesh was wholly burnt, and nothing of it remained to requite the priest
for his trouble, as in other offerings:
even the priest shall have to himself the skin of the burnt
offering, which he hath offered; in some cases the skin itself was burnt,
and then he could have nothing, see Leviticus 4:11 but
in others the skin was reserved for the priest. There seems to be an emphasis
upon the phrase "to himself", and may signify, that though in other
things other priests might partake with him, yet not in this; and so MaimonidesF26In
Misn. Challah, c. 4. sect. 9. observes, that the skin was not given to every
priest, but to him that offered the sacrifice; and elsewhereF1In
Misn. Zebachim, c. 12. sect. 3. he says, the skins of light holy things are the
owner's, but the skins of the most holy things are the priest's. And some have
thought this law has some respect to the case of Adam, and is agreeable
thereunto; who having offered sacrifice according to divine directions given
him, had coats made for him and his wife of the skins of the slain beasts; and
it was usual with the Heathen priests to have the skins of the sacrifices, and
in which they slept in their temples and others also were desirous of the same,
in order by dreams or otherwise to get knowledge of things future; See Gill on Amos 2:8.
Leviticus 7:9.
9 Also every grain offering
that is baked in the oven and all that is prepared in the covered pan, or in a
pan, shall be the priest’s who offers it.
YLT 9and every present which is baked in an oven,
and every one done in a frying-pan, and on a girdel, [is] the priest's who is
bringing it near; it is his;
And all the meat offering that is baked in the oven,.... Or
"every meat offering"F2כל מנחה "omne munus", Pagninus, Montanus, Junius
& Tremellius, Piscator, &c. , whether dressed in one way or another,
and which was done in one or other of these three ways, of which this was one,
baked in an oven heated for that purpose:
and all that is dressed in the frying pan; such as we
call pancakes:
and in the pan; which was different from the frying pan; it
seems to be what was set upon an hearth made hot, and soon baked; See Gill on Leviticus 6:21 of
these three different ways of dressing the meat offering, see Leviticus 2:4.
Leviticus 7:10.
10 Every grain offering, whether
mixed with oil or dry, shall belong to all the sons of Aaron, to one as much
as the other.
YLT 10and every present, mixed with oil or dry, is
for all the sons of Aaron -- one as another.
And every meat offering mingled with oil, and dry,.... Rather it
should be rendered "or dry"F3וחרבה
"vel aridum", Junius & Tremellius, Piscator. ; that is, as Jarchi
interprets it, that has no oil in it; the meat offering in common, let it be
dressed in what way soever, was mingled with oil; but in the poor man's
offering for sin, which was as a meat offering, no oil was to be put upon it, Leviticus 5:11 but
whether the offering was with or without oil, moist or dry, it
shall all the sons of Aaron have, one as much as another; it was to be
equally divided among them; or a priest offering it at one time, was to have
the same as another priest at another time; it was always alike, all that
remained, except the handful that was burnt, was the priest's.
Leviticus 7:11. 11 ‘This is the law of
the sacrifice of peace offerings which he shall offer to the Lord:
YLT 11`And this [is] a law of the sacrifice of the
peace-offerings which [one] bringeth near to Jehovah:
And this is the law of the sacrifice of peace offerings,
which ye shall offer unto the Lord. Some other laws and rules
respecting the oblation of them: in Leviticus 3:1 an
account is given of what they should be, both of the herd and flock, and of the
burning of the fat of them; and here the several sorts of them are distinctly
observed, what should be offered with them, and the part the priest should have
of it, and when the flesh of them should be eaten.
Leviticus 7:12. 12 If
he offers it for a thanksgiving, then he shall offer, with the sacrifice of
thanksgiving, unleavened cakes mixed with oil, unleavened wafers anointed with
oil, or cakes of blended flour mixed with oil.
YLT 12if for a thank-offering he bring it near,
then he hath brought near with the sacrifice of thank-offering unleavened cakes
mixed with oil, and thin unleavened cakes anointed with oil, and of fried flour
cakes mixed with oil;
If he offer it for a thanksgiving,.... Which Jarchi
restrains to the wonderful deliverances of seafaring persons, of travellers,
and of such as have been confined in prison, or have laboured under violent
diseases and disorders of body; and so Aben Ezra seems to understand it only of
thanksgivings on account of being delivered out of distress; but it might be
for the common mercies of life, or any particular mercy or instance of divine
goodness a man was sensible of, and thought proper in this way to make an
acknowledgment of it:
then he shall offer with the sacrifice of thanksgiving; which, if of
the herd, was either a bullock or a cow; and if of the flock, was either a lamb
or a goat:
unleavened cakes mingled with oil; ten of them, according
to the Jewish writers; the measure of flour, of which they were made, were, as
Jarchi says, five Jerusalem seahs or pecks, which were six of those used in the
wilderness, and made twenty tenths or omers, an omer being the tenth part of an
ephahF4Vid. Misn. Menachot, c. 7. sect. 1. & Bartenora in ib. ;
the oil they were mingled with, as to the quantity of it, was half a logF5Maimon.
Maaseh Hakorbanot, c. 9. sect. 20. ; a fourth part of it was for the cakes,
hastily baked, (said in the latter part of this verse to be fried,) an eighth
part for those baked, (intended in this clause,) and an eighth part for the
wafers next mentioned:
and unleavened wafers anointed with oil; these were a
thinner sort of cakes, made without leaven as the others, but the oil was not
mixed with the flour in the making of them, but put upon them when made, and
therefore said to be anointed with it; there were also ten of these:
and cakes mingled with oil of fine flour fried; these were
such as were hastily and not thoroughly baked, Leviticus 6:21 or,
as Jarchi and Ben Gersom, they were mixed and boiled with hot water, as much as
was sufficient; or, according to MaimonidesF6In Misn. Menachot, c.
9. sect. 3. , were fried in oil; and there were ten of these, in all thirty,
Leviticus 7:13. 13 Besides
the cakes, as his offering he shall offer leavened bread with the
sacrifice of thanksgiving of his peace offering.
YLT 13besides the cakes, fermented bread he doth
bring near [with] his offering, besides the sacrifice of thank-offering of his
peace-offerings;
Besides the cakes,.... The unleavened cakes, and the
unleavened wafers, and the fried cakes; or with these, as Aben Ezra and
Abendana interpret it:
he shall offer for his offering leavened bread, with the sacrifice
of thanksgiving of his peace offerings; not that this was
offered upon the altar, for all leaven was forbidden there, Leviticus 2:11 but
it was given to the priest, that he might have change of bread, and such as was
agreeable to him, to eat with the flesh of the peace offerings he had a share
of, and to the owners also; and the whole of this consisted of ten cakes
likewise, as will appear by what MaimonidesF7Maaseh Hakorbanot, c.
9. sect. 17, 18, 21. says; he (the offerer) takes twenty tenths of fine flour,
and makes ten leavened, and ten unleavened; the ten leavened he makes into ten
cakes, and the ten unleavened he makes of them eighty cakes alike, ten cakes of
every sort, ten cakes baked in an oven, ten cakes wafers, and ten cakes
slightly baked.
Leviticus 7:14. 14 And
from it he shall offer one cake from each offering as a heave offering
to the Lord.
It shall belong to the priest who sprinkles the blood of the peace offering.
YLT 14and he hath brought near out of it one of the
whole offering -- a heave-offering to Jehovah; to the priest who is sprinkling
the blood of the peace-offerings -- it is his;
And of it he shall offer one out of the whole oblation for
an heave offering unto the Lord,.... That is, one out of the unleavened
cakes, and out of the unleavened wafers, and out of the cakes fried, and out of
the cakes leavened; lo, says Aben Ezra, four at least, and the truth is, adds
he, there were ten; and so MaimonidesF8Maaseh Hakorbanot, c. 9.
sect. 17,18,21. says, the priest took out of all the four cakes, one out of
every sort, as it is said, "and of it he shall offer one", &c.
and it shall be the priest's that sprinkleth the blood of the
peace offerings; that is, that part of the cakes and bread, which is offered as
an heave offering to the Lord, was the portion of the priests; and so
MaimonidesF9Maaseh Hakorbanot, c. 9. sect. 12. says,"the bread
waved (rather heaved) with the thank offering was eaten by the priests, and the
rest of the bread by the owners.'
Leviticus 7:15. 15 ‘The
flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offering for thanksgiving shall be eaten
the same day it is offered. He shall not leave any of it until morning.
YLT 15as to the flesh of the sacrifice of the
thank-offering of his peace-offerings, in the day of his offering it is eaten;
he doth not leave of it till morning.
And the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offerings for
thanksgiving,.... Having given directions about the cakes and bread that went
along with the peace offerings, offered in thankfulness for mercies received;
instructions are next given about eating the flesh of them; and the order is,
that that
shall be eaten the same day that it is offered; partly by him
that brought them, and his family, and partly by the poor he was to invite to
eat thereof; and also by the priests and Levites, who were to have their share
of it; see Deuteronomy 12:11.
he shall not leave any of it until the morning; which was
ordered to encourage liberality to the priests, Levites, and others, since all
must be eaten up before morning: according to the Jewish canons, they might eat
it no longer than midnight; by that time it was to be all consumed; and it is
saidF11Misn. Zebachim, c. 5. sect. 3. , the wise men made an hedge
to the law to keep men from sin.
Leviticus 7:16. 16 But
if the sacrifice of his offering is a vow or a voluntary offering, it
shall be eaten the same day that he offers his sacrifice; but on the next day
the remainder of it also may be eaten;
YLT 16`And if the sacrifice of his offering [is] a
vow or free-will offering, in the day of his bringing near his sacrifice it is
eaten; and on the morrow also the remnant of it is eaten;
But if the sacrifice of his offering be a vow,.... Be on
account of a vow made, as, that if he was favoured with such and such benefits,
or delivered out of such and such troubles and distresses, then he would offer
such a sacrifice:
or a voluntary offering; without any condition or
obligation; what from the mere motion of his mind he freely offered, not being
directed to it by any command of God, or under any necessity from a vow of his
own, and without any view to; any future good to be enjoyed: Aben Ezra
describes both the one and the other thus; a "vow" which he uttered
with his lips in his distresses, a "voluntary offering", which his
spirit made him willing to bring, a sacrifice to God neither for a vow nor for
thanksgiving:
it shall be eaten the same day that he offereth his sacrifice; that is, it
shall be begun to be eaten then, and if all is eaten up it is very well, but
they were not obliged in either of these cases, as in the preceding, to eat up
all, and leave none to the morning, for it follows:
and on the morrow also the remainder of it shall be eaten; some of it,
if thought fit, and could not be conveniently eaten, might be kept till the day
after the sacrifice, but no longer.
Leviticus 7:17. 17 the
remainder of the flesh of the sacrifice on the third day must be burned with
fire.
YLT 17and the remnant of the flesh of the sacrifice
on the third day with fire is burnt;
But the remainder of the flesh of the sacrifice on the third day,.... What
remained of it uneaten on the second day, and was kept till the third:
shall be burnt with fire; that it might neither
corrupt, nor be put to superstitious uses, nor be of any profit in any respect;
that so niggardliness and distrust of the care of Providence might be
discouraged: perhaps some respect may be had in the type to the resurrection of
Christ on the third day, having seen no corruption.
Leviticus 7:18. 18 And
if any of the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offering is eaten at
all on the third day, it shall not be accepted, nor shall it be imputed to him;
it shall be an abomination to him who offers it, and the person who eats
of it shall bear guilt.
YLT 18and if any of the flesh of the sacrifice of
his peace-offerings be really eaten on the third day, it is not pleasing; for
him who is bringing it near it is not reckoned; it is an abominable thing, and
the person who is eating of it his iniquity doth bear.
And if any of the flesh of his peace offerings be eaten at all on
the third day,.... Any part of it, even the least:
it shall not be accepted; as a sacrifice well
pleasing to God; he will take no delight in it, or express any satisfaction
therein; but, on the contrary, reject it with abhorrence:
neither shall it be imputed to him that offereth it; the Targum of
Jonathan adds, for merit or righteousness; it shall not be accounted a
righteous action, or the offerer receive any benefit by it:
it shall be an abomination; to God, the flesh being
kept so long, through a sordid and niggardly disposition:
and the soul that eateth of it shall bear his iniquity; it shall not
be forgiven him; he shall bear the punishment of it.
Leviticus 7:19. 19 ‘The
flesh that touches any unclean thing shall not be eaten. It shall be burned
with fire. And as for the clean flesh, all who are clean may eat of it.
YLT 19`And the flesh which cometh against any
unclean thing is not eaten; with fire it is burnt; as to the flesh, every clean
one doth eat of the flesh;
And the flesh that toucheth any unclean thing shall not be
eaten,.... That is, the flesh of the peace offerings; should it be
touched by any unclean person, man or woman; that was so in a ceremonial sense,
being profluvious or menstruous, or having touched anything unclean, or touched
by any unclean creature, as a dog or the like, as it might be while carried
from the tabernacle to any of their tents or houses:
it shall be burnt with fire; that no profit might be
had of it; and this was to make them careful in carrying it from place to
place:
and as for the flesh, all that be clean shall eat thereof; that are
clean in a ceremonial sense; as all that are clean in an evangelic sense,
through the blood and righteousness of Christ, may, by faith, eat his flesh and
drink his blood. Jarchi observes, that whereas it is said, Deuteronomy 12:27
"thou shall eat the flesh"; some might object and say, that none
might eat of the peace offerings but the owners of them, therefore it is said
here, "all that be clean shall eat"; not the owners only, nor the
priests and Levites only, but whoever the offerer should invite to eat thereof,
provided he was but clean.
Leviticus 7:20. 20 But
the person who eats the flesh of the sacrifice of the peace offering that belongs
to the Lord,
while he is unclean, that person shall be cut off from his people.
YLT 20and the person who eateth of the flesh of the
sacrifice of the peace-offerings which [are] Jehovah's, and his uncleanness
upon him, even that person hath been cut off from his people.
But the soul that eateth of the flesh of the sacrifice of
the peace offerings, that pertain unto the Lord,.... That are
offered up to him, and so are holy, and therefore not to be eaten by unholy
persons, or by any
having his uncleanness upon him; a profluvious person
that has an issue running out of him, a gonorrhoea; see Leviticus 15:2.
even that soul shall be cut off from his people; be
disfranchised as an Israelite, be debarred the privileges of the sanctuary, or
be cut off by death before the usual time and term of man's life; so those that
eat and drink unworthily in the supper of our Lord, where his flesh is eaten
and his blood drank, eat and drink damnation to themselves, 1 Corinthians 11:29.
Leviticus 7:21. 21 Moreover the person who
touches any unclean thing, such as human uncleanness, an unclean
animal, or any abominable unclean thing,[a] and who
eats the flesh of the sacrifice of the peace offering that belongs to
the Lord,
that person shall be cut off from his people.’”
YLT 21`And when a person cometh against any thing
unclean, of the uncleanness of man, or of the uncleanness of beasts, or of any
unclean teeming creature, and hath eaten of the flesh of the sacrifice of the
peace-offerings which [are] Jehovah's, even that person hath been cut off from
his people.'
Moreover, the soul that shall touch any unclean thing,.... Person or
thing, the dead body of a man, or the bone of a dead body, or a grave in which
it was laid:
as the uncleanness of man; the issue that runs from
a profluvious person:
or any unclean beast; that was so by the law
ceremonial; see Leviticus 11:4,
or any abominable unclean thing; which the Targum of
Jonathan interprets of every unclean reptile: see Leviticus 11:20.
and eat of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace offerings, which pertain
unto the Lord, even that soul shall be cut off from his people; See Gill on Leviticus 7:20.
Leviticus 7:22. 22 And
the Lord
spoke to Moses, saying,
YLT 22And Jehovah speaketh unto Moses, saying,
And the Lord spake unto Moses,.... Continued speaking
to him:
saying; as follows.
Leviticus 7:23. 23 “Speak
to the children of Israel, saying: ‘You shall not eat any fat, of ox or sheep
or goat.
YLT 23`Speak unto the sons of Israel, saying, Any
fat of ox and sheep and goat ye do not eat;
Speak unto the children of Israel, saying,.... Putting
them in mind, by repeating to them the laws concerning fat and blood, Leviticus 3:17.
ye shall eat no manner of fat; of any creature fit for
food, whose flesh otherwise may be eaten, and particularly
of ox, or of sheep, or of goats: creatures used in
sacrifice; though this is not to be restrained to such of them, and the fat of
them that were sacrificed, whose fat was claimed by the Lord as his, and was
burnt on his altar; but this is to be understood of the fat of these creatures
when killed for their common use, for the food of them and their families; the
fat even of these was not to be eaten; that which was not separated from the
flesh, but mixed with it, might be eaten, but not that which was separatedF12Bechai
in Lev. 3. 17. .
Leviticus 7:24.
24 And
the fat of an animal that dies naturally, and the fat of what is torn by
wild beasts, may be used in any other way; but you shall by no means eat it.
YLT 24and the fat of a carcase, and the fat of a
torn thing is prepared for any work, but ye do certainly not eat it;
And the fat of the beast that dieth of itself,.... Of any
disease, and is not regularly killed:
and the fat of that which is torn with beasts; with wild
beasts:
may be used in any other use; as in medicine, for
plasters, or for making candles, or for greasing of anything to make it smooth
and pliable, or the like:
but ye shall in no wise eat of it; such carcasses
themselves were not to be eaten of, and one would think their fat in course
must be unlawful; but however, to prevent the doing of it, this particular law
was given, and those that broke this were doubly guilty, as the Jews observeF13Maimon.
Hilchot Maacolot Asurot, c. 7. sect. 2. ; once in eating things that died of
themselves, or were torn with beasts, and again by eating the fat of them.
Leviticus 7:25. 25 For
whoever eats the fat of the animal of which men offer an offering made by fire
to the Lord,
the person who eats it shall be cut off from his people.
YLT 25for whoever eateth the fat of the beast, of
which [one] bringeth near a fire-offering to Jehovah, even the person who
eateth hath been cut off from his people.
For whosoever eateth the fat of the beast, of which men offer an
offering made by fire unto the Lord,.... As oxen, sheep,
rams, goats; meaning not only the fat of those that are offered, but the fat of
all those of the like kind:
even the soul that eateth it shall be cut off from his people; See Gill on Leviticus 7:20
MaimonidesF14Moreh Nevochim, par. 3. c. 41. observes, that the
punishment of cutting off is enjoined for the eating of fat, because men used
to count it delicious, for which reason also God would honour his sacrifices
with it: and he further observesF15Ibid. c. 48. , that the fat of
the intestines too much saturates, hinders concoction, generates gross and
frigid blood, hence it is much better it should be burnt than eaten; and that
blood and what dies of itself are of difficult digestion, and of bad
nourishment, wherefore the latter is forbidden in the Leviticus 7:24, and
the former in Leviticus 7:26, of
the punishment for eating fat, the same writerF16Hilchot Maacolot
Asurot, c. 7. sect. 1. observes, he that eats fat the quantity of an olive,
presumptuously, is guilty of cutting off; if ignorantly, he must bring the
fixed sin offering: and elsewhereF17Hilchot Sanhedrin, c. 18. sect.
4. he says, he that eats fat is beaten for it; and he eats it a second time,
and is beaten for it; but if he eats it a third time they do not beat him, but
put him into a prison, which is a strait place according to his height, where
he cannot stand upright, nor can he lie down in it; and they give him bread and
water of affliction till his bowels are distressed, and he become sick, and
then they feed him with barley till his belly bursts.
Leviticus 7:26. 26 Moreover
you shall not eat any blood in any of your dwellings, whether of bird or
beast.
YLT 26`And any blood ye do not eat in all your
dwellings, of fowl, or of beast;
Moreover ye shall eat no manner of blood,.... Of any of
the above creatures, or any other, even of any clean creature, and much less of
an unclean one:
whether it be of fowl or of
beast; of all sorts and kinds. Jarchi thinks, the words being thus
expressed, the blood of fishes and locusts is excepted, and so lawful to eat:
in any of your dwellings; this shows that this law
is not to be restrained to creatures slain in sacrifice in the tabernacle, and
to the blood of them, but to be understood of all such as were slain in their
own houses for food, and the blood of them.
Leviticus 7:27. 27 Whoever
eats any blood, that person shall be cut off from his people.’”
YLT 27any person who eateth any blood, even that
person hath been cut off from his people.'
Whatsoever soul it be that eateth any manner of blood,.... The
Targum of Jonathan adds, of any living creature, that is, of any while it is
alive; for the Jews always interpret the law in Genesis 9:4 of the
member of a living creature torn off from it, and its flesh with the blood
eaten directly:
even that soul shall be cut off from his people; MaimonidesF18Moreh
Nevochim, par. 3. c. 41. observes, that to some sorts of food cutting off is
threatened, particularly to blood, because of the eager desire of men to eat it
in those times, and because it precipitated them to a certain species of
idolatry; he means that of the Zabians, of which See Gill on Ezekiel 33:25 of
the true reason of the prohibition of eating blood under the law, see Leviticus 17:10,
&c.
Leviticus 7:28. 28 Then
the Lord
spoke to Moses, saying,
YLT 28And Jehovah speaketh unto Moses, saying,
And the Lord spake unto Moses,.... At the same time the
above laws were delivered; for what follows relates to the sacrifice of the
peace offerings:
saying; as follows.
Leviticus 7:29. 29 “Speak
to the children of Israel, saying: ‘He who offers the sacrifice of his peace
offering to the Lord
shall bring his offering to the Lord from the sacrifice of his
peace offering.
YLT 29`Speak unto the sons of Israel, saying, He
who is bringing near the sacrifice of his peace-offerings to Jehovah doth bring
in his offering to Jehovah from the sacrifice of his peace-offerings;
Speak unto the children of Israel, saying,.... Giving
them the further instructions concerning their peace offerings:
he that offereth the sacrifice of his peace offerings unto the
Lord; whether it he for thanksgiving, or as a vow, or a voluntary
oblation, and whether it be of the herd or of the flock, an ox or a cow, a lamb
or a goat:
shall bring his oblation unto the Lord of the sacrifice of his
peace offerings; that is, the unleavened cakes, wafers, and fried cakes, and
unleavened bread, which are called the whole oblation, Leviticus 7:10.
Leviticus 7:30. 30 His
own hands shall bring the offerings made by fire to the Lord. The fat with
the breast he shall bring, that the breast may be waved as a wave
offering before the Lord.
YLT 30his own hands do bring in the fire-offerings
of Jehovah, the fat beside the breast, it he doth bring in with the breast, to
wave it -- a wave-offering before Jehovah.
His own hands shall bring the offerings of the Lord made by fire,.... That is,
such parts of the peace offerings as were to be burnt with fire, as the fat on
several parts described in Leviticus 3:3 the owners
of the offerings were to bring them in the manner as will be presently
observed:
the fat with the breast, it shall he bring; the fat to be
burnt, and the breast for the priest and his sons, as in the following verse Leviticus 7:31,
that the breast may be waved for a wave offering before the
Lord; how this waving was performed; see Gill on Exodus 29:24
particularly with respect to these peace offerings it was thus; if a thank
offering, the priest takes of the bread brought with it one (cake) out of ten,
and lays it with the breast, the shoulder, and the inwards, and waves all upon
the hands of the owners; on which he puts the fat, then the breast and the
shoulder above (i.e. upon the fat), then the two kidneys, and the caul, and the
liver above them; and if there was any bread, he put it over them, and waved
all, putting his hand under the hands of the ownerF19Maimon. Maaseh
Hakorbanot, c. 9. sect. 6, 7. so Ben Gersom in loc. .
Leviticus 7:31. 31 And the priest shall burn
the fat on the altar, but the breast shall be Aaron’s and his sons’.
YLT 31`And the priest hath made perfume with the
fat on the altar, and the breast hath been Aaron's and his sons;
And the priest shall burn the fat upon the altar,.... Of burnt
offering, even the fat upon the inwards, the two kidneys, the flanks, the caul,
and liver:
but the breast shall be Aaron's and his sons; which being
waved before the Lord for a wave offering, was the Lord's, and so was given to
his priests to eat of, for the service done by them, it being but reasonable
that they that serve at the altar should live of it; and thus, with other
things, a maintenance was provided for the priests and their families, as ought
also to be for Gospel ministers under the present dispensation.
Leviticus 7:32. 32 Also
the right thigh you shall give to the priest as a heave offering from
the sacrifices of your peace offerings.
YLT 32and the right leg ye do make a heave-offering
to the priest of the sacrifices of your peace-offerings;
And the right shoulder shall ye give unto the priest for an
heave offering,.... Whether of an ox or a cow, a lamb or a goat:
of the sacrifices of your peace offerings; which were of
either of these creatures; the Targum of Jonathan paraphrases it,"the
right arm from the shoulder to the elbow.'The breast being the seat of wisdom,
and the shoulder of strength, some think denote Christ as the wisdom and power
of God unto his people, his priests, who have all their knowledge and strength
from him, and who bears them on his heart and on his shoulder.
Leviticus 7:33. 33 He
among the sons of Aaron, who offers the blood of the peace offering and the
fat, shall have the right thigh for his part.
YLT 33he of the sons of Aaron who is bringing near
the blood of the peace-offerings, and the fat, his is the right leg for a portion.
He among the sons of Aaron that offereth the blood of the peace
offerings, and the fat,.... Who sprinkled the blood of them upon the altar round about,
and burnt the fat upon it, which were rites enjoined to be observed, Leviticus 3:2,
shall have the right shoulder for his part; his
particular part and share, because of his service: Aben Ezra remarks, that the
right shoulder was given to him that sprinkled the blood, and the breast to all
the priests; and Jarchi observes, that he that was fit for sprinkling the
blood, and burning the fat, and went out an unclean person in the time of
sprinkling the blood, or burning the fat, had no part in the flesh.
Leviticus 7:34. 34 For
the breast of the wave offering and the thigh of the heave offering I have
taken from the children of Israel, from the sacrifices of their peace
offerings, and I have given them to Aaron the priest and to his sons from the
children of Israel by a statute forever.’”
YLT 34`For the breast of the wave-offering, and the
leg of the heave-offering, I have taken from the sons of Israel, from the sacrifices
of their peace-offerings, and I give them to Aaron the priest, and to his sons,
by a statute age-during, from the sons of Israel.'
For the wave breast and the heave shoulder have I taken of the
children of Israel,.... These two parts were particularly pitched upon and selected:
from off the sacrifices of their peace offering; the rest
being allowed the owners, besides what were burnt:
and have given them unto Aaron the priest and unto his sons, by a
statute for ever from among the children of Israel; as long as
the priesthood lasted, even to the coming of the Messiah, in whom all these
sacrifices would have their accomplishment and their end.
Leviticus 7:35. 35 This
is the consecrated portion for Aaron and his sons, from the offerings
made by fire to the Lord,
on the day when Moses presented them to minister to the Lord as priests.
YLT 35This [is] the anointing of Aaron, and the
anointing of his sons out of the fire-offerings of Jehovah, in the day he hath
brought them near to act as priest to Jehovah,
This is the portion of the anointing of Aaron,.... Of his
being anointed to the priestly office; this is the part allotted and assigned
him for the execution of it; this is the reward, as Aben Ezra interprets it, of
his faithful performance of it, namely, his having the wave breast and heave
shoulder of the peace offerings, and a cake out of everyone of the unleavened
cakes, together with the leavened bread, besides other perquisites from other
offerings:
and of the anointing of his sons; the successors of him in
the priest hood; the Targum of Jonathan adds, above all their brethren the
Levites:
out of the offerings of the Lord made by fire; out of such
whose fat on the several parts of them was burnt with fire, such as the peace
offerings were:
in the day when he presented them to minister unto the Lord in the
priest's office; when they were ordered to be taken out from among the children
of Israel, and to be consecrated to, and invested with, the priest's office, as
they were by Moses, and presented by him unto him as his priests; at that time
the above portion was assigned them, as follows.
Leviticus 7:36. 36 The
Lord commanded this
to be given to them by the children of Israel, on the day that He anointed
them, by a statute forever throughout their generations.
YLT 36which Jehovah hath commanded to give to them
in the day of His anointing them, from the sons of Israel -- a statute
age-during to their generations.
Which the Lord commanded to be given them of the children of
Israel,.... Whenever they brought their offerings to be offered up by
them, such parts thereof were ordered to be allowed them as theirs:
in the day that he anointed them; or from the day they
were anointed of Moses, by the direction of the Lord, from that time they had a
right and claim to the above things, out of the sacrifices brought, so Aben
Ezra: and this was
by a statute for ever throughout their generations; in all
successive generations, unto the coming of the Messiah, which would put an end
to their priesthood. Thus the Lord provided for the maintenance of his
ministers, till that time came; and since it has been the ordinance of Christ,
that they which preach the Gospel should live of the Gospel, 1 Corinthians 9:13.
Leviticus 7:37. 37 This
is the law of the burnt offering, the grain offering, the sin offering,
the trespass offering, the consecrations, and the sacrifice of the peace
offering,
YLT 37This [is] the law for burnt-offering, for
present, and for sin-offering, and for guilt-offering, and for consecrations,
and for a sacrifice of the peace-offerings,
This is the law of the burnt offering,.... As
delivered, Leviticus 6:9,
of the meat offering; as in Leviticus 6:14,
and of the sin offering; as in Leviticus 6:25,
and of the trespass offering; as in Leviticus 7:1,
and of the consecrations; of Aaron and his sons to
the priest's office, as in Leviticus 6:20,
and of the sacrifice of the peace offerings; as in this
chapter, Leviticus 7:11 for
this is only a recapitulation of the several laws respecting these things
before observed.
Leviticus 7:38. 38 which
the Lord
commanded Moses on Mount Sinai, on the day when He commanded the children of
Israel to offer their offerings to the Lord in the Wilderness of Sinai.
YLT 38which Jehovah hath commanded Moses in Mount
Sinai, in the day of his commanding the sons of Israel to bring near their
offerings to Jehovah, in the wilderness of Sinai.
Which the Lord commanded Moses in Mount Sinai,.... Or
"by" or "near"F20בהר
"by the mount"; so Patrick in loc. Mount Sinai; for the above laws
were not given to Moses when on the mount, but after the tabernacle was
erected, and out of it, as appears from Leviticus 1:1 and
to which what follows agrees:
in the day that he commanded the children of Israel to offer their
oblations unto the Lord in the wilderness of Sinai; where they
were when the above laws were delivered to them, and which wilderness had its
name from the mount near to which they now were, and where the tabernacle was
pitched, from whence the Lord spoke; and so the Targum of Jonathan paraphrases
it,"in the tabernacle which they made for him in the wilderness of Sinai;'there
they were ordered to offer their oblations of every sort, as before directed.
It should be observed, that this is to be understood of the command given in
the wilderness to offer sacrifices, but not of the sacrifices themselves then
offered, which were not done while there; see Jeremiah 7:22.
──《John Gill’s
Exposition of the Bible》
New King James
Version (NKJV)