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Luke Chapter
Twenty
Luke 20
It will be remarked here that, as He draws nigh to
Jerusalem, the Lord weeps over the city. It is not now as in Matthew, where,
while discoursing with the Jews, He points it out to them as that which having
rejected and slain the prophets-Emmanuel also, the Lord, who would so often
have gathered her children under His wings, having been ignominiously
rejected-was now given up to desolation until His return. It is the hour of her
visitation, and she has not known it. If only she had, even now, hearkened to
the call of the testimony of her God! She is given up into the hands of the
Gentiles, her enemies, who will not leave her one stone upon another. That is
to say, not having known this visitation of God in grace in the Person of
Jesus, she is set aside-the testimony goes no farther-she gives place to a new
order of things. Thus the destruction of Jerusalem by Titus is here prominent.
It is the moral character of the temple also of which the Lord here speaks. The
Spirit does not notice here that it is to be the temple of God for all nations.
It is simply (chap. 20:16) the vineyard is given to others. They fell upon the
stone of stumbling then: when it falls on them-when Jesus comes in judgment-it
will grind them to powder.
In His reply to the Sadducees, three important things are added to
that which is said in Matthew. 1st, It is not only the condition of those who
are raised, and the certainty of the resurrection; it is an age, which a
certain class only, who are accounted worthy of it, shall obtain, a separate
resurrection of the just (v. 35). 2nd, This class is composed of the children
of God, as being the children of the resurrection (v. 36). 3rd While waiting
for this resurrection, their souls survive death, all live unto God, although
they may be hidden from the eyes of men (v. 38).
The parable of the wedding feast is omitted here. In
chapter 14 of this Gospel we find it with characteristic elements, a mission to
the lanes of the city, to the despised of the nations, which is not in Matthew,
who gives us the judgment of Jerusalem instead, before announcing the
evangelisation of the Gentiles. All this is characteristic. In Luke it is
grace, a moral condition of man before God, and the new order of things founded
on the rejection of Christ. I will not dwell upon those points which Luke
relates in common with Matthew. They naturally meet in the great facts that
relate to the Lord's rejection by the Jews, and its consequences.
If we compare Matthew 23 and Luke 20:45-47, we shall see
at once the difference. In Luke the Spirit gives us in three verses that which
morally puts the scribes aside. In Matthew their whole position with respect to
the dispensation is developed; whether as having a place, so long as Moses
continued, or with reference to their guiltiness before God in that place.
── John Darby《Synopsis of Luke》
Luke 20
Chapter Contents
The priests and scribes question Christ's authority.
(1-8) The parable of the vineyard and husbandmen. (9-19) Of giving tribute.
(20-26) Concerning the resurrection. (27-38) The scribes silenced. (39-47)
Commentary on Luke 20:1-8
(Read Luke 20:1-8)
Men often pretend to examine the evidences of revelation,
and the truth of the gospel, when only seeking excuses for their own unbelief
and disobedience. Christ answered these priests and scribes with a plain
question about the baptism of John, which the common people could answer. They
all knew it was from heaven, nothing in it had an earthly tendency. Those that
bury the knowledge they have, are justly denied further knowledge. It was just
with Christ to refuse to give account of his authority, to those who knew the
baptism of John to be from heaven, yet would not believe in him, nor own their
knowledge.
Commentary on Luke 20:9-19
(Read Luke 20:9-19)
Christ spake this parable against those who resolved not
to own his authority, though the evidence of it was so full. How many resemble
the Jews who murdered the prophets and crucified Christ, in their enmity to
God, and aversion to his service, desiring to live according to their lusts,
without control! Let all who are favoured with God's word, look to it that they
make proper use of their advantages. Awful will be the doom, both of those who
reject the Son, and of those who profess to reverence Him, yet render not the
fruits in due season. Though they could not but own that for such a sin, such a
punishment was just, yet they could not bear to hear of it. It is the folly of
sinners, that they persevere in sinful ways, though they dread the destruction
at the end of those ways.
Commentary on Luke 20:20-26
(Read Luke 20:20-26)
Those who are most crafty in their designs against Christ
and his gospel, cannot hide them. He did not give a direct answer, but reproved
them for offering to impose upon him; and they could not fasten upon any thing
wherewith to stir up either the governor or the people against him. The wisdom
which is from above, will direct all who teach the way of God truly, to avoid
the snares laid for them by wicked men; and will teach our duty to God, to our
rulers, and to all men, so clearly, that opposers will have no evil to say of
us.
Commentary on Luke 20:27-38
(Read Luke 20:27-38)
It is common for those who design to undermine any truth
of God, to load it with difficulties. But we wrong ourselves, and wrong the
truth of Christ, when we form our notions of the world of spirits by this world
of sense. There are more worlds than one; a present visible world, and a future
unseen world; and let every one compare this world and that world, and give the
preference in his thoughts and cares to that which deserves them. Believers
shall obtain the resurrection from the dead, that is the blessed resurrection.
What shall be the happy state of the inhabitants of that world, we cannot
express or conceive, 1 Corinthians 2:9. Those that are entered into
the joy of their Lord, are entirely taken up therewith; when there is
perfection of holiness there will be no occasion for preservatives from sin.
And when God called himself the God of these patriarchs, he meant that he was a
God all-sufficient to them, Genesis 17:1, their exceeding great Reward, Genesis 15:1. He never did that for them in this
world, which answered the full extent of his undertaking; therefore there must
be another life, in which he will do that for them, which will completely
fulfil the promise.
Commentary on Luke 20:39-47
(Read Luke 20:39-47)
The scribes commended the reply Christ made to the
Sadducees about the resurrection, but they were silenced by a question
concerning the Messiah. Christ, as God, was David's Lord; but Christ, as man,
was David's son. The scribes would receive the severest judgement for
defrauding the poor widows, and for their abuse of religion, particularly of
prayer, which they used as a pretence for carrying on worldly and wicked plans.
Dissembled piety is double sin. Then let us beg of God to keep us from pride,
ambition, covetousness, and every evil thing; and to teach us to seek that
honour which comes from him alone.
── Matthew Henry《Concise Commentary on Luke》
Luke 20
Verse 9
[9] Then
began he to speak to the people this parable; A certain man planted a vineyard,
and let it forth to husbandmen, and went into a far country for a long time.
A long time — It
was a long time from the entrance of the Israelites into Canaan to the birth of
Christ. Matthew 21:33; Mark 12:1.
Verse 16
[16] He shall come and destroy these husbandmen, and shall give the vineyard to
others. And when they heard it, they said, God forbid.
He will destroy these husbandmen — Probably he pointed to the scribes, chief priests, and elders: who
allowed, he will miserably destroy those wicked men, Matthew 21:41; but could not bear that this
should be applied to themselves. They might also mean, God forbid that we
should be guilty of such a crime as your parable seems to charge us with,
namely, rejecting and killing the heir. Our Saviour answers, But yet will ye do
it, as is prophesied of you.
Verse 17
[17] And
he beheld them, and said, What is this then that is written, The stone which
the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner?
He looked on them — To
sharpen their attention. Psalms 118:22.
Verse 18
[18]
Whosoever shall fall upon that stone shall be broken; but on whomsoever it
shall fall, it will grind him to powder.
Verse 20
[20] And they watched him, and sent forth spies, which should feign themselves
just men, that they might take hold of his words, that so they might deliver
him unto the power and authority of the governor.
Just men —
Men of a tender conscience.
To take hold of his discourse — If he answered as they hoped he would. Matthew 22:16; Mark 12:12.
Verse 21
[21] And
they asked him, saying, Master, we know that thou sayest and teachest rightly,
neither acceptest thou the person of any, but teachest the way of God truly:
Thou speakest — In
private, and teachest - In public.
Verse 24
[24] Shew
me a penny. Whose image and superscription hath it? They answered and said,
Caesar's.
Show me a penny — A
Roman penny, which was the money that was usually paid on that occasion.
Verse 26
[26] And
they could not take hold of his words before the people: and they marvelled at
his answer, and held their peace.
They could not take hold of his words before
the people — As they did afterward before the
sanhedrim, in the absence of the people, Luke 22:67, etc.
Verse 27
[27] Then
came to him certain of the Sadducees, which deny that there is any
resurrection; and they asked him,
Verse 28
[28]
Saying, Master, Moses wrote unto us, If any man's brother die, having a wife,
and he die without children, that his brother should take his wife, and raise
up seed unto his brother.
Verse 34
[34] And
Jesus answering said unto them, The children of this world marry, and are given
in marriage:
The children of this world — The inhabitants of earth, marry and are given in marriage - As being all
subject to the law of mortality; so that the species is in need of being
continually repaired.
Verse 35
[35] But
they which shall be accounted worthy to obtain that world, and the resurrection
from the dead, neither marry, nor are given in marriage:
But they who obtain that world — Which they enter into, before the resurrection of the dead.
Verse 36
[36] Neither
can they die any more: for they are equal unto the angels; and are the children
of God, being the children of the resurrection.
They are the children of God — In a more eminent sense when they rise again.
Verse 37
[37] Now
that the dead are raised, even Moses shewed at the bush, when he calleth the
Lord the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.
That the dead are raised, even Moses, as well
as the other prophets showed, when he calleth - That is, when he recites the
words which God spoke of himself, I am the God of Abraham, etc. It cannot
properly be said, that God is the God of any who are totally perished. Exodus 3:6.
Verse 38
[38] For
he is not a God of the dead, but of the living: for all live unto him.
He is not a God of the dead, or, there is no
God of the dead - That is, tho term God implies such a relation, as cannot
possibly subsist between him and the dead; who in the Sadducees' sense are
extinguished spirits; who could neither worship him, nor receive good from him.
So that all live to him — All who have him for their God, live to and enjoy him. This sentence is
not an argument for what went before; but the proposition which was to be
proved. And the consequence is apparently just. For as all the faithful are the
children of Abraham, and the Divine promise of being a God to him and his seed
is entailed upon them, it implies their continued existence and happiness in a
future state as much as Abraham's. And as the body is an essential part of man,
it implies both his resurrection and theirs; and so overthrows the entire
scheme of the Sadducean doctrine.
Verse 40
[40] And
after that they durst not ask him any question at all.
They durst not ask him any question — The Sadducees durst not. One of the scribes did, presently after.
Verse 41
[41] And
he said unto them, How say they that Christ is David's son?
Verse 42
[42] And
David himself saith in the book of Psalms, The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou
on my right hand,
Verse 46
[46]
Beware of the scribes, which desire to walk in long robes, and love greetings
in the markets, and the highest seats in the synagogues, and the chief rooms at
feasts;
Verse 47
[47]
Which devour widows' houses, and for a shew make long prayers: the same shall
receive greater damnation.
── John ‘Wesley《Explanatory Notes on Luke》
Chapter 20. Wise Answer
Marry and Be
Given in Marriage
Neither Marry Nor Be Given in Marriage
I. Parable of
the Wicked Tenants
II. Tricky
Question about Paying Tax to Caesar
III. Dispute
about Resurrection
── Chih-Hsin Chang《An Outline of The New Testament》